I. Structure and Composition
Main Components
- Floating Roof Body: Usually made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, or composite materials (such as FRP), mostly circular or rectangular in shape, covering the liquid surface to reduce evaporation <1710>.
- Buoyancy Elements: Including floating drums or compartments, providing buoyancy support. The designed buoyancy is typically more than twice the total weight to ensure roof stability <710>.
- Sealing Devices: Made of rubber (NBR, fluororubber, etc.) or PTFE, including tongue-shaped and (bag-type) sealing strips to prevent liquid-air contact <479>.
- Support and Anti-Rotation Mechanisms: Aluminum alloy skeletons support the roof, while anti-rotation devices (such as stainless steel ropes) prevent tilting or rotation <78>.
- Auxiliary Components: Including legs, manholes, breather valves, etc., for easy installation, maintenance, and pressure regulation <47>.
Innovative Designs
- Electric Direct-Drive Floating Roof: Actively controls lifting via linear motors, combined with locking devices for high-precision positioning, improving oil loading/unloading efficiency and reducing shaking <6>.
- Honeycomb Structure: Bionic hexagonal design enhances roof strength, reduces weight, and suits fully liquid-contact scenarios <39>.
II. Core Advantages
- Reduced Evaporation Loss: Covers the liquid surface to isolate air, minimizing hydrocarbon volatilization and saving energy (installation costs can be recovered within six months) <29>.
- Environmental Protection & Safety: Reduces VOCs emissions, lowers fire and explosion risks; sealing design prevents pollutants from entering <19>.
- Modularity & Adaptability: Detachable components facilitate transportation and installation, suitable for new and old tanks with short construction cycles <5810>.
- Material Durability: Corrosion-resistant materials like aluminum alloy and stainless steel ensure a long service life (over 20 years) without contaminating the medium <238>.
III. Main Types and Applications
By Structure
- Floating Drum-Type Roof: Traditional non-fully liquid-contact type, gradually phased out due to evaporation space <9>.
- Carbon Steel Single/Double-Disk Roof: Fully liquid-contact design for external floating roofs, but prone to corrosion and high maintenance costs <9>.
- Fully Liquid-Contact Roofs (Honeycomb, Box-Type, etc.): Cover the entire liquid surface with no vapor space, featuring high stability and becoming the mainstream <39>.
By Material
- Aluminum Alloy Roof: Low-cost and lightweight, suitable for atmospheric pressure tanks <27>.
- Stainless Steel Roof: High strength and corrosion resistance, ideal for chemical and other high-demand scenarios <810>.
- FRP Roof: Acid-alkali resistant, suitable for storing special media <39>.
Application Fields
- Petrochemical Industry: Storing volatile oils like gasoline, diesel, and crude oil <159>.
- Environmental Protection & Food: Treating wastewater or storing juices and dairy products to prevent contamination <13>.
- Chemical Raw Materials: Transporting and storing volatile liquids such as benzenes and alcohols <810>.
IV. Technical Standards and Development Trends
- Design Specifications: Complies with standards like API 650 and SH3046-92 to ensure safety and compatibility <47>.
- Intelligent Trends: Electric direct-drive technology combined with sensors for real-time roof position adjustment, enhancing efficiency and safety <6>.
- Environmental Upgrades: Popularization of fully liquid-contact roofs to promote VOCs emission reduction at the source in tank farms <9>.
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